Documents 251 - 300

19, March, 1864 The message of Chief of General Staff of the Caucasus Army, Major General Kartsova regarding the allotment of 100 thousand rubles at the disposal of the Commander of the Caucasus for disbursement in aid to the deportees.
I have the honor to inform Your Excellency that His Majesty the Emperor on 24, November, 1863 had approved to allot 100 thousand rubles at the disposal of His Imperial Highness, the Commander of the Army in aid to the deportees to Turkey, and must transfer the expenses the account balances remaining of amounts remaining from the budget. -------------------- Government Archives - Georgia, P .416, and by .3, B .148, for .3.

Document 252

23, March, 1864 Urgent message from the Russian envoy in Turkey, Mosheniba addressed to the Russian Foreign Ministry about the machinations of the French, English, Italian consuls in Trabzon, opposed to the deportation of Caucasian Mountaineers.

The victory of our troops on the right side of the Caucasus had deported the Mountaineers to the coastal strip, at the instigation of the Turkish envoys; they have declared their strong desire to move to Turkey. As a result of a request by our Caucasian Commandment, our consul and without prior notice, in participation of deportation, he contributed in sending ferries and other ships to the shores of the Caucasus to bring the Circassians. The early and harsh advent of winter in the previous year had made the task more significantly difficult task, and the carelessness of the Turks in general, and the inefficiency of the Governor in Trabzon, and the inefficiency of the measures taken by local authorities to receive the deportees in Trabzon, and the financial corruption that resulted from the spending of financial contributions that have been submitted by the Turkish government, were all of these reasons as a result of violation of directives and instructions of the Sultan. As a result of poor situation of the local Muslim population, disease has spread amongst them, to the extent that the residents of Trabzon and at the instigation of the Polish party got fed up and complained for the deportation of Mountaineers, especially French Consul, the protector of the Poles in Trabzon, relying on the assistance of the Italian and English Consuls, using all available means to paralyze the process of deportation, particularly the Italian Consul which have contributed to the spread of rumors about an outbreak of plague, that has led to the establishment of a quarantine of 15 days on the Persian borders, followed by the instigation of the English and French Consuls the creation of such a quarantine for the Caucasus: to Batumi and from Batumi to the Persian borders. At the same bad pace followed against the deportation process, Dr. Barotse, envoy from Constantinople to Trabzon, had worked to take appropriate measures to combat the spread of infectious diseases among the deportees. At the insistence of Dr. Barotse, instructions had been issued not to allow the ferries and ships to sail to the Caucasus shores to transport the deportee Mountaineers, and as a result to that, deportation process has been delayed. However, despite these adverse circumstances, in the month of November of last year, and according to the precise information that have reached me, 200 ferries had sailed from Trabzon to bring Mountaineers, of which 125 ferries had returned with 125 thousand Mountaineers on board.

-------------------- Government Archives - St. Petersburg, General Archive, 1-9, and by .8, b .19, for the .20-21.

Document 253

26 March 1864 - Report of the Caucasian Army Commander Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich, to the Minister of War, which reviewed the results of actions of the two generals Gyeman and Evdokimov, aiming for the expulsion of the Adiga people, the arrangements of their deportation, and the entry to the army forces to the Ubykh land. I have summoned to Tbilisi, the commander of the Kuban Forces and the Governor of the Province of Kutysi, to clarify the situation in the Kuban, and the coastal strip of the province of Kutysi, and to discuss our operations in the future, General Count Evdokimov ascertained me, the vacant of the northern slope of the Caucasus mountains, within the province of Kutysi of the armed enemies, and the area that was cleared of the Mountaineers, starts from the southern slope, until the Black Sea coast, and reaches River Psezwapsa, and according to our orders, who refused to settle on the Kuban, to centers have been located to them on the coast, where they only await the arrival of ships, which will transport them to Turkey, and we informed the commanders of the troops, that transport will be carried out by the Turkish sailing vessels are, in addition to one Turkish ship that were sent by our consul in Trabzon, and in spite of the lack of ships, 14000 people were deported this month via Tuapse; important deportation operations are taking place, but smaller in magnitude, from the estuary of River Dzhubga, Anapa fortifications, Taman and Konstantinovski.

General Gyeman’s forces had sterilized the region between Tuapse and Psezwasa, and destroyed the villages located on the banks of these rivers and their tributaries, and occupied on 16 March the fort Lazaryev, which made the Shabsough in the region extending until River Shah to declare their unconditional submission, and General Gyeman had occupied on March 19 the former Fort Golovinskoya, and General Gyeman’s forces clashed only once before March 15, in the heavy exchange of gunfire with a group of Ubykh, which led to the wounding of eleven soldiers, and the mission of General Gyeman after the occupation of Fort Golovinsloya, to climb up along the Shah River, and then to descend to the headwaters of the Sochi River, which is located on the second mountainous range, or beyond towards the headwaters of River Mzymta, where he will combine with Grabbe, who is currently constructing a path for vehicles, where it will extend with Pshish River -Tuapse Summit, which is assumed by the end of constructing the mountainous path, to leave four battalions in Tuapse on, and then will enter the upper areas of Belaya River, and up the main mountain range, where Mount Oshtik, enhancing General Gyeman with a section of his troops, and will secure him with a supply line along the Belaya River, and then will move to the Upper parts of the Laba River, to join the forces that they are constructing a road in the valley of the mentioned river, then to enter into the high pats of Bzyb River to expel the residents gathered Pskhu Residence, and will initiate constructing a road to Sokhumi; the forces of Count Evdokimov will sweep during its advance from the North-East, the hated population, and six battalions belonging to the Kutaisi Province will storm the jigetov territory in mid April, while advancing from Gagra, , and will light from the sea in the center of the Ubykh territory between April 25-30, eight battalions of Grenadier Caucasian Division, with eight artillery guns.

I am confident that the simultaneous appearance of all these forces, and from all sides, will be enough to dispel any hope for the success of the Ubykh resistance and some tribes of small population, who insist on the hostility toward us, and this action will convince them of the approach of the end of the Caucasian war, unless any other matter might arise.

The main condition to end this war, is to totally clear the Eastern Coast-line of the Black Sea from the Mountaineers, and to deport them to Turkey, Therefore, the date of the war postponement depends on how quick we are, in deporting the hostile population to Turkey.

Chancellor Moshnin, and due to his clever management and dedication had managed to avail all the vessels of the Anatolian coast for this goal, but their numbers are insufficient, therefore, I contacted the Russian shipping & Trade Company, for the purpose of leasing a ship or two for that task, and I think that some military transport ships also to be used, and I hope that these ships will be enough to achieve our desired goal, but I will not conceal from Your Excellency that all this, will require additional expenditure that was not anticipated, so I hope from Your Excellency to solicit, to achieve the consent of His Majesty, for giving me the necessary funds, which are supposed that I will be free to dispose, taking into account the careful spending, and I think that agreement on this matter, would be useful even at the financial level, because any expenses of any kind, would speed up the end of the war, and would be less costly than the continuation of the military operations. CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1184, p. 5-7.

Document 254

March 29, 1864 –

Report to General Mikhail Nikolayevich by Duke Feldtsikhmistr the Minister of War on the resettlement of volunteers from the Black Sea Cossacks and of the Nikolayev region exclusively, on the east coast of the Black Sea.

I wish to inform Your Excellency, that the settlement on the east coast of the Black Sea, will be for who wish so exclusively, and therefore were called in 300 families from the former Cossacks of the Black Sea, and we have information that many of the sailors retirees, people with families, and residents in Nikolayev, may wish to settle in the coastline.

The Georgian Central State Historical Archives, f. 416, op. 3, d 255, n. Eight.

Document 255 1864, April 8. - Notice of the General Staff to War Department on permission of Caesar to allocate the transportation of the mountaineers to Turkey. His Imperial Highness, the commander of the Caucasian Army told The Minister of War a report that the mountain tribes in the eastern Black Sea –who are still undefeated (Ubykh, Dzhigety, etc.),and realized the inability to resist the action of our troops- have expressed desire to move out to Turkey. Bearing in mind that the war was a prerequisite in the Caucasus and should be a perfect cleansing of the Black Sea coast from rebellious people, His Imperial Highness has made an order to appoint Commercial ships to transport the mountaineers immigrating to Turkey. But as this measure would require new expenses not included in the cost estimates, His Imperial Highness asks authorization for these expenses, explaining that any extra cost leading to accelerate the end if this war is will cost the state much less than to continue with military actions. Hi Imperial Majesty most graciously approved of the requested permit to His Imperial Highness on these spending, regarded that the cost will be minimized as possible. RGVIA, f, a, on. A, d 26 043, n. 4-5.

Document 256

April 8, 1864 – The letter of the Russian vice-consul in Trabzon, Counselor Moshnin to General Staff of the Caucasus Army, in connection with the growing numbers of displaced Circassians. I hasten to inform you first of all, that I was honored to receive your letter on March 13, which you mentioned the desirability of His Imperial Highness of my efforts in the displacement-migration subject matter. And I consider myself lucky, that His Imperial Highness has expressed appreciation for my insignificant efforts.

Recently, Russian ships have begun to arrive, carrying displaced-migrants. This matter required new talks with the Pasha that ended with success. But that imposed on the two parties to make concessions. Pasha had requested to situate the Russian ships, loaded with displaced-immigrants to the Quarantine which I categorically rejected, and we have reached an agreement that the Russian ships carrying displaced-immigrants should sail directly to the final destination specified by the Turkish authorities, accompanied by the quarantine staff while under quarantine rules , and the Turkish Government will pay to Russian ships’ captains, the expenses of the journey from Trabzon to the selected port, and the ships will sail again as soon as they are through with disembarkation, for the transporting more of the Circassians. And I hope that I will persuade the Pasha to follow the same method with Turkish ships, because the quarantine over here, is nothing other than deliberate harassment toward the displaced-immigrants, and the Pasha is aware of that better than others, and I wanted by given my concession to avoid annoying the quarantine administration, that is almost independent from the Pasha, not to mention the irritated local population because of the resettlement of Mountaineers. In addition, this arrangement cut the time, and we have a direct interest in that, and the Circassians arriving from Trabzon will be transported to resettle in Samson, instead, they can be sent to the Caucasian coast. Some ships arrived recently, and had been directed to Aktshakala, and then to Samson, and Russian ships had arrived directly from the Caucasus that were allowed to leave without delay. I had of course, promised some of the quarantine staff of rewards after the completion of the immigration-displacement, and I shall write to Your Excellency about that in due course.

I received news from Istanbul, that the Turkish government is no longer sending the displaced-immigrants to Varna because of resettlement objections by the population of Romli (Bulgaria), and who declared they would leave to Russia, to live in the evacuated areas of the Mountaineers, in the event of continued settlement. The Port of Samson remains port a major center that the displaced-immigrants are directed in the depth of Anatolia.

The Sultanate Inspector was summoned to Istanbul, and this explains the need to obtain instructions regarding the resettlement of the Mountaineers, whose numbers are increasing daily.

TSGIA Georgia, f.. 416, op. 3, d. 1114, l.. 15-16.

Document 257

April 11, 1864 – The letter of the Russian representative in Istanbul, Novikov, to the Caucasus Army Chief of Staff Kartsov, with respect to the Turkish Foreign Ministry demand to stop the displacement-immigration temporarily, to make room for the Circassians to pick-up (accompany), as well as the Turkish government’s desirability of the transfer of displaced-immigrants on board the Russian military transport ships and the Russian steam ships. I have the honor to send to Your Excellency a copy of my letter No. 58 to the Vice- Chancellor on date 19 March, it will be clear to you, Sir, based on this paper, that the Turkish Foreign Minister hopes that the Imperial Government would offer those Mountaineers that will be displaced to Turkey some time, so that they can pick up some of their livestock and some tools, or any properties that are capable to be transported, that is in addition to his offer was to transport the Caucasian Mountaineers, onboard the Turkish military ships that are demilitarized, and on the ships of the Russian shipping and trading Company.

It is clear from the letter, that the request of the Turkish Government, does not include the Mountaineers who abandoned their homes, to the places that were located for them in the plains, with a view to subsequently be deported to Turkey, and this certainly does not affect those who gathered on the coast-line, awaiting deportation ships. Facilities requested by the government of the Ottoman Sultan, affect only those Mountaineers who did not leave their villages in mountains.

I can say, based on the confidential letter of Your Excellency on date March 13, that these Mountaineers ( of Ubykh, Dzhigety, pehu and other tribes ) are forming a minority, in comparison to the other population of the Caucasus, and we may need some time control their areas. This could make it easier for our Caucasus Administration, to satisfy the request of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, and I must say that I did not restrict myself to any obligations, and I made it clear to Ali Pasha, the limited opportunity to meet their request, by our government.

With regard to the displacement-immigration of all other Mountaineers, who had left their homes in the mountains, must begin without delay on board the Turkish military ships in addition to our military transporters.

By wire (telegram), the Government of the Emperor had approved that, and the Vice-Counsel had informed me, the method proposed by the Ottoman Government, which I had the honor to inform you about, through my report No. 208, dated 16 April. The proposal of His Imperial Highness, the Commander of the Caucasus Army, which I presented to the Government of the Ottoman Empire, was gratefully accepted, which referred to the possibility of transporting the displaced-immigrants, onboard the Russian military transport ships, and the leased barges from the Russian shipping Company, with a single requirement of delivering the displaced-immigrants to the ports of Varna and Constanta.

The Turkish government is justifying its requirement, for the public health necessities in Trabzon, the city has been flooded with displaced-immigrants, and many have suffered because of this congestion.

Ali Pasha adds to that, the transportation of the violent angry Mountaineers, to areas beyond our borders is in the interest of our authorities in the Caucasus. F / 5 - I have just returned from the Turkish Foreign Ministry. Ali Pasha, seems aware that the delay in the deportation that he requested, may not find any one that might benefit from, so that, most of the Circassians had actually left their villages in the mountains, depending the information he had received, and they are gathered on the Eastern coast-line, and the Government of the Ottoman Empire will be sending its demilitarized ships with no delay, to the ports that I mentioned in my letter No. 208 dated April 4, to transport the Mountaineers to Turkey. Our loaded ships will unload the displaced-immigrants without delay, in Varna and Constanta, because of the directives of the Ottoman Government to its staff in these ports.

CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1097, p. 6-7.

Document 258

April 17, 1864 - A report submitted by the Commander of Nikolaev presented to the Rear Admiral Duhamel on the conditions of the deportation of the Circassians onboard the military transport ships I have been informed by the Director of Department of Navy by telegram received on date 11, April, the His Imperial Majesty, and upon the request of His Imperial Highness the Duke, he generously ordered: “ The company used ships and the military transport ships, which will sail under the flag of trade, for the transporting all the displaced-immigrant Mountaineers to Turkey, to the ports of Varna and Constanta only”, and stated the following in his telegram on April 15: “I was delegated for the agreement with the Caucasus Administration on all various matters for the implementation of this task”. "And I deemed as of seeking my personal initiative in order to enforce the will of His Imperial Highness, that would be useful to assign Your Excellency to develop your future suggestions in this regard, in conjunction with the who is appointed by the Caucasus Administration to oversee the deportation of the Mountaineers. I humbly request that you put the following in your consideration: The First Captain Tchikhyev had reported that the entire crew of one of the transporting ships was infected last winter with typhus, that and smallpox, which led to the death of the captain, the officers, most of the lower ranks.

These particulars lead to make the management of Russian Shipping Company in Odessa to run away from transporting the Mountaineers, despite the obvious financial benefit, under the pretext of non-availability of ships.

The likelihood of a repetition of these events on board our ships, prompts me to say I'd be satisfied, if you were able to convince our Caucasus authorities, of reneging on transporting the Mountaineers onboard our ships, but in the end, if you don’t succeed in that, I will authorize you to approve the transport subject to the following:

1 - To allocate for this purpose identified as steam ships - Redot, Kala, Albros and Anapa. After the crew augmentation of 20 crew members for each one of them, and they will be armed with rifled-guns and boarding pistols.

2 – Mountaineers will be stripped entirely from their weapons, and then carefully inspected by a committee of Navy doctors; no one will be allowed to board our ships, if showing signs of an infectious disease. 3 – I consider the lifting of our naval vessels the commercial flag not appropriate, because we will have to provide the crew and the ship with false documents, and we will not be able to conceal the dependence of these vessels to our Government, from the attention of suspected Turkish authorities hate us. The commercial flag will not hide the identity of those ships, but it will give some European countries the opportunity to spread lies about suspicious movements that our government performs.

I do not see anything that prevents the appearance of our ships in the Turkish ports under the Commercial flag with a formally specific and declared objective to the Turkish government. As I made clear my position on the issue in general, I have the confidence Your Excellency, that you will take into account, the local circumstances, and to prepare until the time of my arrival in the early May, extremely detailed information for the final discussion and the agreement with the Caucasus Administration. Signed General Commander General Glazenap

TSGIA Georgia, f.. 416, on. 3, d. 149, l.. About 1.2.

Document 259

April 17, 1864 – Payment Order issued by General Babich to his senior escort to pay the merchant, Makridi, the expenses of transporting 638 Natokhaway families. I suggest that you to pay under this title, to the account of the second grade merchant from Temryuk “Stavro khristofor Makridi” the cost of transporting 638 families of Mountaineers, of the Natokhaway tribe, consisted of 3885 people of both sexes, at a rate of one ruble per person for 3180 persons = 3180 rubles, and one ruble and 75 Koubek per person for 131 people = 229 rubles and 25 Koubek, the total paid for 3311 persons for a total amount of 3409 ruble and 25 Koubek, in which 1000 rubles and 25 Koubek in silver currency.

Gosarhiv Krasnodar Krai, f325, op. 1, d. 301, l.. 219.

Document 260

April 18, 1864 - Report Evdokimov to the Army Chief of Staff Kartsov the man on the establishment of committees in the defenses of displacement Konstantinovski, Anapa and Taman in October1863.

I presented on November 6, to His Imperial Highness, the Commander of the Caucasus Army, my suggestions, in regard to the way of spending and documenting the money placed under my disposal, to be given as subsidy to the poorest of the displaced immigrating Mountaineers to Turkey. A also informed His Highness that I formed in October of last year, committees in the strongholds of Konstantinovski and Anapa to address the problems, that may arise from the expected displacement immigration of large numbers of the local population. War circumstances required the establishment of another committee in the town of Taman, I ordered to provide these committees very detailed instructions, to ensure successful and continuous displacement immigration of the local people outside the borders, and I granted them the powers of granting of aid to the needy, taking into account the severe rationing, and management of Mountaineers deportation in general, with the economy in expenditure as far as possible.

But, because of the remoteness of I cannot because of the Staff Headquarters that I am in charge of leadership, that I examine the manner that these committees spend these funds in their custody, it was obligatory for me to ask Your Excellency, in my telegrams on April 8, the delegate who you consider to inspect the committees in the Konstantinovski and Anapa fortresses, the town of Taman, and the Sochi and Tuapse centers, as it is expected that through them the biggest Mountaineers deportation out of the border will take place, and the inspectors must be assigned for the inspection on the deportation operations, in addition to auditing the disbursement of funds restrictions on the assigned allocations for each Committee, I hope that cooperation of those inspectors will bring the issue of deporting the Mountaineers to an end, and according to the plans of His Imperial Highness. DGIA Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, d 148, n. 4.4 vol.

Document 261

April 18, 1864 - The letter of Russia's Affair Deputy in Istanbul, Novikov to the Caucasus Army Chief of Staff, Kartsov, about the attitude of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs of sending the disported Mountaineers to Varna and Constanta: I had the honor to the receipt of Your Excellency’s letter dated March 27, from the representative of His Imperial Highness for Special Assignments, Staff Captain von Chak.

I had the honor, Dear Sir of writing to you before his arrival to Constantinople, about the Turkish Government's proposals, concerning the deportation of the Mountaineers, and our understanding in our consecutive discussions with Ali Pasha, for the need for a speedy deportation, after the successive reports to the Ottoman Government about the imminence of the resolution of the Caucasian War, Captain von Chuck, found upon his arrival at Constantinople, that the issue of deportation has been fundamentally agreed upon, according to the will of the His Imperial Highness, and that the mentioned officer will personally inform you, the details of my discussions with the Ottoman Government in that regard, I will confine myself to explain the content with certain words.

If no longer the need to meet the request of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, delay the deportation, and that Ali Pasha was ascertained, that most of the Mountaineers had already abandoned their homes in the mountains’ valleys to the plains, and gathering on the coast awaiting the ships, our warships can, in addition to the merchant ships leased by our government, to begin transporting the Mountaineers immediately, to Varna and Constanta, the Ottoman Government had already notified the ports’ authorities in advance.

If our consul in Trabzon has faced obstruction by the local Turkish authorities, during transporting of the Mountaineers aboard the commercial ships, the reason might be, the intention of the Mountaineers to go exclusively to Trabzon, but the Turkish government can not resettled there, due to the lack of appropriate places, and infectious diseases had spread among the masses of deportees, that gathered by winter, and the consequences of this situation had aggravated resentment and criticism of all consuls here, as well as the local Medical Board, and they demanded from the Ottoman Government to reinforce the military presence, and to protect the population from the frenzy of the fidgetiness of arrived deportees.

For this reason, the Turkish government, had requested from our ships to set out to Varna and Constanta only, where the deportees will be settled in a temporary locations, to be distributed later to other centers, and the Turkish government avoids settling them in large concentrations, in anticipation of potential risks a result, on social stability and the authority of the State. Therefore, I suggest that commercial ships stop transporting the Mountaineers to the port of Trabzon and the other Anatolian ports, due to the small impact on accelerating the process of deportation, add to that, the cause of the problems with the local Turkish authorities. On the other hand, the Turkish authorities welcome our war ships and the commercial ships chartered by us, which are loaded with Mountaineers, in Varna and Constanta, whatever their number is.

The Ottoman Government added in addition to the high expenses incurred in the resettlement of deported immigrants, the processing of a number of war ships, to transport them from the five of the sites mentioned in my previous reports, internally in Turkey. Authorities in these sites on the Eastern Black Sea coast would enable the Turkish ships to accommodate the largest number possible of the deported people. I have been informed by Ali Pasha, that three steam-destroyers, docked here to unload their load, and will begin with two smaller size warships scheduled trips, and a destroyer can accommodate 1000 - 1200 people. And I will try to expedite their proceeding to the Black Sea. The local Ottoman Bank manager Marquis De Blake told me that the Turks are expecting the arrival of 150000 deportees, and they are seeking to obtain a large loan, in order to be able to cover the projected expenditures. Your Excellency, it is clear according to what was stated that Turkey, despite being forced to receive the deportees, and Turkey fears the impact on internal stability, but would not mind it, but even supports that as much as possible materialistically and morally. And I hope that remains for me to complete this important issue and has begun, and plans a dish of His Highness the Duke. Hoping to conclude this important issue as it started, and according to what His Imperial Highness the Duke had planned for.

I deem necessary to send a copy of my report about the issue, to the Charge D’affaires.

Note: I include to my telegram on April 17, the information obtained, during my negotiations with the Turkish Foreign Minister: 1) Ali Pasha has categorically withdrew about his request of granting a respite to the Mountaineers, realizing the lack of its effectiveness. 2) And approved by my insistence, that Varna and Constanta, should not be the only destinations for our ships carrying Deportees. These two ports have been allocated for the reception of Deportees at the present time, but the Ottoman Government did not see a hindrance in the allocation of other centers for the reception of deportees in the European part of Turkey or on the Anatolian coast. 3) "Talor" destroyer headed to Varna yesterday, then to Trabzon, and will sail to the East coast to transport deportees. And soon will be followed by other ships. TSGIA Georgia, f.. 416, op. 3, d. 1097, l.. 8-10 min.

Document 262

22, April, 1864 - Report by the Director of the port of Anapa, Lieutenant Colonel Zakrgevski, to Natokhaway District Commander, Brigadier Babich in connection with the payment of wages for the captains (crew) for transporting 2423 of the Natokhaway to Turkey. Amount of due financial debts for the captains (crew) the of sailing ships, for transporting the first and second groups from a total of 2423 individuals of both sexes, ages six years and beyond, and without (…) at a rate of one Ruble per person = 2423 Rubles. And the rate of one ruble and 75 Koubek on the 117 of the poor people = 204 Rubles and 75 Koubek, and the total 2627 Rubles and 75 Koubek (Silver), totally paid to the crew (captains) in full by the masters of receipts, certified by the military commander in Anapa under the numbers: 76/87/108/128. State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 283.

Document 263

Supplement to document

Detailed register of the deported 541 Natokhaway families to Turkey, via the Port of Konstantinovsk

No. of Persons Total Amount Ruble Koubek

People Paid One Ruble Each 2838 2838

People Paid One Ruble & 75 KU. 145 253 75

Children under 6 years of age 481 Non Paying People.

Transported in 4 ships for free 8 32 Families Including 32 Adults, & 8 Children

Peasants Paid by Their Owners 100 100

Total 3596 3091 75 Signed by the Department Commander, Brigadier Babich State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 239 of the

Document 264

29, April, 1864 - Also in regard to paying the merchant, Makridi for the expenses of transporting 204 Natokhaway families (there is a supplement to the document) I suggest that you pay in reference to this letter, to the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, the transportation charges for 204 families of the Mountaineers from the Natokhaway tribe, to Turkey for the purpose of permanent residence, onboard two ships that he chartered, numbering 1310 individuals of both sexes, at a rate of one Ruble per person for 1076, and Ruble and 75 Koubek for 28 persons of the poorest - 49 rubles and 75 Koubek, and the due amount for 1104 persons paid = 1125 Ruble, in which 125 Ruble in Silver Currency.

Detailed list for 204 families of Natokhaway Deportees to Turkey via the port of Konstantinovski

Number Number of Amount

1076 Persons Ruble Koubek

People, Paid One Ruble Each 1076 1076

People, Paid One Ruble & 28 49

75 KU. /Each.

Children under 6 years of age 147 Non Paying People.

4 Peasant Families got onboard 15 15

The 2 ships, Paid by Their Owners Total 1310 1125

Signed by Brigadier Babich State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 244

Document 265

 29, April, 1864 – Also for paying for transporting 83 families from the Natokhaway ( Table Attached) I advise in reference to this letter to the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, the transportation charges for 83 families of the Mountaineers from the Natokhaway tribe, to Turkey for the purpose of permanent residence, onboard a chartered ship leased by him, numbering 582 individuals of both sexes, to be paid at one Ruble/each for 474 persons = 474 Rubles, One Ruble and 75 Koubek for 33 persons of the poorest = 57 Rubles and 75 Koubek, what is due for payment for 507 persons, paid 531 Rubles and 75 Koubek, of which 131 Rubles and 75 Koubek in Silver Currency. Signed by General Babich

Госархив Краснодарского края, ф. 325, оп. 1, д., 301, л. 145.

A detailed schedule of 28 Natokhaway Deportee families to Turkey via the port of Konstantinovski (Annex of Document)

Number of

Persons Ruble Koubek

People, Paid One Ruble Each 474 474

People, Paid One Ruble & 33 57 75

75 KU. /Each.

Non-paying Children under 60

6 years of age

4 Peasant Families got onboard 12

Paid by Their Owners

Total 582 531 75

The signature of the Bureau Brigadier Babich

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 247 rpm

Document 266

Also for transporting 142 families from the Natokhaway I suggest that in reference to this letter to the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, the transportation charges for 142 families of the Mountaineers that belong to the Natokhaway tribe to Turkey for the purpose of permanent residence, onboard a vessel chartered by him, Numbered 887 individuals of both sexes at a rate of one Ruble/each for 727 persons = 727 Rubles and one Ruble and 75 Koubek/each for 29 of the poorest persons = 50 Rubles and 75 Koubek. What must be paid for the 756 people is the amount of 777 Rubles and 75 of Koubek is paid, of which 200 Rubles and 75 Koubek in Silver Currency. Signed by Brigadier Babich State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 251. Document 267 29, April, 1864 - Also on the transporting of 358 families from the Natokhaway I suggest that you pay in reference to this letter, to the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, the transportation charges for transporting 358 families of the Mountaineers that belong to the Natokhaway tribe to Turkey for the purpose of permanent residency onboard two chartered ships, numbering 2425 individuals of both sexes, at a rate of one Ruble/each for 1988 persons - 1988 Rubles, and one Ruble and 75 Koubek/each for 83 individuals of the poorest - 145 Rubles and 25 Koubek. What should be paid for 2071 persons is already paid a total of 2133 Rubles and 25 Koubek, of which 833 Rubles 25 Koubek in Silver Currency. Signed by Bregadier Babich State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 255.

Document 268

29, April, 1864 - Also paying transportation charges of a 99 Natokhaway families (a table is attached)

I suggest that you pay in reference to this letter, to the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, the transportation charges for transporting 99 families of the Mountaineers that belong to the Natokhaway tribe to Turkey, for the purpose of permanent residency onboard ship chartered by him, numbered 640 individuals of both sexes, at a rate of one Ruble for 525 persons – 525 Rubles, in which 125 Rubles in Silver Currency.

Signed by Brigadier Babich State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 261.

Document 269

April 1864 – A list of 230 families of Shapsough Deportees to Turkey from the village of Mirtchani via the port of Konstantinovski

Number Amount Rubles Koubek People, Paid One Ruble Each 921 921

People, Paid One Ruble & 93 162 75

75 KU. /Each.

Non-paying Children under 196

6 years of age

Peasant Families got onboard 40

Paid by Their Owners

Passengers Free of Charge 19

Total 1269 1083 75 Signed by Brigadier Babich State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 261.

Document 270

April 1864 - 443 b of a family of displaced Shabsoughs from village Mirchana to Turkey through Port Konstantinovski Number Amount Rubles Koubek People, Paid One Ruble Each 2028 2028

People, Paid One Ruble & 136 238

75 KU. /Each.

Non-paying Children under 337

6 years of age

Paid by Their Owners 80

14 Families Free of Charge 65

Total 2696 2696 Signed by Brigadier Babich, Commander of Natokhaway State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 325, n. 203.

Document 271

6 May 1864 - Terms of the agreement in connection with the transportation of Circassians to Turkey between the Caucasus Department and the Russian Ships and Trading Company (the city of Odessa). Through a presentation that was presented by the company's head-office, to the Chief of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Kartsov on last April 17 and a presentation to the Office of the company, given by the representative for Special Assignments Lieutenant Captain Obezianov, of His Highness the Duke, concluded the following agreement between the Caucasus Administration and the Russian Ships and Trading Company.

1) The company will immediately put under the disposal of the Caucasus Administration, two steam-ships the capacity of each is 1000 adult passengers, to transport the Mountaineers to Constanta or Varna, and a third steam-ship for the capacity of 2000 passengers at the end of May. When the ship "Oudali" is through with its preliminary mission in accordance with the agreement on the second of last March, in will be put under the disposal of the Caucasus Administration, it will conduct one voyage from the Eastern

Coast to Constanta or Varna, then will return to the Sea of Azov, after ending its journey in the 25th of the cur ent May.

2) The company's ships will transport the Mountaineers, from the centers established by the Caucasus Administration, along the coast between Anapa and Gagra.

3) Loading will take place under the supervision of the Caucasus Administration at its own expense. Loading for each ship to be completed within five days, except on stormy days, which do not allow loading. And offloading will be under the supervision of the company and at its own expense. The Caucasus Administration will pay 200 Rubles for each day of delay of the ship, even for numerous places of loading. The five-day time-limit from the time that the captain's readiness to start the loading, and ending at the time of departure to Constanta or Varna.

4) The steam-ship must be loaded with the number of Mountaineers as per its maximum capacity, and the accounting will be as follow: steam-ships of 2000 adult passengers capacity, if loaded with less than that, it will be accounted for 1500 persons; the steam-ships with the capacity of 3000 adult passengers, if loaded with less than that, it will be accounted for 2500 persons.

5) The steam-ship will depart after loading, as per the desire of the company, to Varna or Constanta, but not the two destinations together.

6) Prices (fairs): Five Rubles to the adult with luggage within 3-4 Pood *, the company doesn’t transport live-stock or carriages, 2Rubles and ½ for children of ages between 3-14 years. And free for children less than 3 years of age.

7) The company will provide water for the Mountaineers during the voyage, but they will be fed on their own expenses.

8) Without delay, the local officials will provide the captain with a document that contains the number of passengers, days that the ship would spend waiting for the document, and to be added to days of delay.

9) The captain, when leaving the Eastern coast must inform the authorities about the destination that he will return to on the Eastern coast.

10) The Caucasus Administration will be committed to sell coal from its stores by the current price, for steam-ships that undertake this task, and the captain will provide a receipt for that. Coal may be required in Sukhumi and Nonintachogovskoye.

11) The Caucasus Administration would provide the captains with documents that enable them to go to the officials, requesting the implementation of the provisions of the agreements.

12) The Caucasus administration will ensure the company for each ship to make two trips, except “Oadali”. After each ship completes its two trips, when needed, to put only two steam-ships of 2000 passengers’ capacity at the disposal of the Caucasus Administration. The Caucasus Administration must inform the captain in advance the need for his steam-ship, and the destination needed to head for, before sailing from the Eastern coast in his second trip.

13) Upon signing the agreement, the ports that ships supposed to destine for after sailing from Odessa must be specified.

14) The Caucasus Administration will pay amounts due to the company for this mission, upon presenting the receipts.

Odessa: 6, May, 1864

Signed

- On behalf of the

- On behalf of the Director of the Russian Ships Company, M. Simashkin. - On behalf of His Imperial Highness the Duke, the Caucasus Army Commander-in-Chief , His Representative for Special Assignments, Lieutenant Captain Obizyanov. To Itinant Oobeziano

Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, d 149, L, 3-4 vol.

Document 272

9, May, 1864 - schedule B 792 families (5154 persons), of Natokhaway deportees to Turkey via the port of Anapa:

Number Amount Rubles Koubek People, Paid One Ruble Each 3418 3418

People, Paid One Ruble & 75 KU. /Each. 517 904 75

Non-paying Children under 6 years of age 1066

Families Free of Charge 51

Peasants Paid by their owners 102 Total 5154 4322 75 Signed by Lieutenant Colonel Zakrzevski Krasnodar Region, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 315.

Document 273

10, May, 1864 - Report of the Director of the Port of Anapa to the Commander of the Natokhaway, on paying 4322 Rubles paid to the captains of the sailing ships, for the remuneration of the transporting 3418 persons of the Natokhaway. A list of benefits of the captains of sailing ships from the treasury, the remuneration of the transportation of the Mountaineers of the Natokhaway groups fourth, fifth, and sixth:

For 3418 free people of both sexes, over the age of six, One Ruble for each person = rubles 3418 Rubles. For 517 people, free from the poor, one Ruble and 75 Koubek per person = 904 Rubles and 75 Koubek.

The total 4325 Rubles and of 75 Koubek, paid in full according to receipts of the captains in silver currency, and they are attached and hereby certified by the military Commander in Anapa under the numbers: 113, 144, 135 , 109, 146, 161, 163, 164, and 165.

. 011/014/011/010/041/011/ 011/044/001

Signed by Lieutenant Colonel Zakrzewski State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory,p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 324.

Document 274

13, May, 1864 – The letter of Vice Consul in Trabzon, to the Chief of Staff of the Caucasus Army, Kartsov, on the situation of deported people (160 thousand), Circassians volunteered in the army, the necessity for transporting the needy deportees, free of charge, and about the high mortality rate among the deportees: The diplomatic mission of the Empire was informed about the difficulties, that the Imperial Consulate had faced by the decent Turkish authorities, concerning the Mountaineers deportation, those difficulties that Your Excellency had known about it too, and I have asked the imperial mission, if they could remove the complications or mitigate them, the deputy of affairs had informed me in response to that, the text of the instructions contained in the April 25, under No. 251, and it can distinct from, that the issue of the Mountaineers deportation would make a lot of progress, after the agreement that was concluded between the Imperial and Turkish governments, about the Turkish demilitarized war-ships proceeding to the Eastern Black Sea coast, and the opening of the ports of Varna and Constanta to Russian warships and merchant ships, which were chartered by our Government, and thus excluding the private sector, which causes difficulties and dissatisfaction between the local authorities and our Consulate in Trabzon.

The Turkish government has actually made ready a number of ships, four of them went to fetch Circassians, are these ships adequate to transport all Mountaineers awaiting deportation on the East coast? Especially with the Turkish slowdown, and if we bear in mind, that the Russian Ships and Trade Company, may not send enough ships because of the lack of ships that they face, I believe that the free transportation of the Mountaineers onboard Turkish warships have its disadvantages; because of the rich influential Mountaineers, who can hire vessels, and this is what they were until now, they will appropriate these ships (I was told that many of the Mountaineers residing here won the cordiality of the captains by giving them odalisques as presents), this would impose on our government, the rental of ships for transporting the poor deportees, and this may compel high costs, and all the Mountaineers now will expected to be transported free of charge, and my presentment has proven true, several Turkish sailing ships had returned empty from the Eastern coast, with the news reported that there are one hundred thousand deportees crowded on the coast, this gives me the guts to express my humble opinion: that we should prevent the free “transportation of deportation”, in desire to evacuate the coast from the Mountaineers at extreme rapidity, thus I insinuated that to the (Wali) Governor over here, and I think that he shares with me this view, but he does not dare saying that, and later on, we could use the transportation charges cashed from the Mountaineers in exchange for transporting them onboard the warships, on what benefits would entail on them, and this will make them accelerate to leave the Caucasus, at the first suitable opportunity.

According to sources of the local Circassian Committee, and confirmed by official reports of our agents directed to me, and reports of foreign agents directed to their consuls, the count number of the deportees had summed to (thousands):

Thousand Persons

Saridere Camp (One hour travel away from Trabzon) 17

Akçakale Camp (3 hours travel away from Trabzon) 23

Karasunda Camp (former name of modern Giresun) 1 300

Samsun Camp (Inside the city) 70

Sinop Camp 4 800

Total 116 100

Volunteered Soldiers 1 400

Sent to Varna 12 300

Sent to Inner Anatolia 30 700

Total since the start of deportation 160

These numbers of deportees were transported by ships from Trabzon, with the exception of some Russian vessels, and without spending by our Government, in winter with very poor conditions for deportation, and with the existence of quarantine. The camp in Saridere consists of the newcomers, and the Pasha intends to resettle them in Pashalic or pashalik, Trabzon, and specifically on the road to Erzurum. If this is achieved, most of the commercial convoys might turn to Georgia.

Akçakale Camp is expected to be permanently closed, and transferring the remaining Circassians to Pashalic, in order to prevent the spread of diseases, and Akçakale has suffered a lot of the Circassian trash, which was difficult to pass beside them. It was recently discovered that some Mountaineers had hidden corpses in their tents for few days, and some of them were buried there, in order to obtain the ration allowance for the dead. The intensive flow of Circassians to Samsun may lead to tragedies and tremendous chaos, because of short-sightedness of the Turkish authorities.

Last week, bread had reached shortage status. Large groups are sent to inside Pashalic Sivas. Those who are wishing to volunteer are much, but the Turkish authorities scrutinize too much and choose, however, I rule out the possibility of the formation of good disciplined forces of the Mountaineers.

Mortality rate declined significantly among the Mountaineers, with the exception of Samson, which 200 people or more die every day. Dear Sir, His Excellency, I am waiting for the written permission to travel to Istanbul; your conformable servant is honored, to show deep respect and absolute loyalty.

CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1114, p. 17-19.

Document 275

13, May, 1864 – The statement of the Chief of Staff of the Caucasus Army, Kartsov, to the Group-commander of the Black Sea Fleet, on the progress of the process of the deportation of Circassians.

Lieutenant Captain Obezianov agreed with the Russian Ships and Trading Company in Odessa, on the allocation of three steam-ships to transport The Mountaineers to Turkey, and the contract required each ship to carry out at least two trips. It is assumed that the two ships (Vista) and (Gonnebgha) would sail immediately from Odessa, to the Kuban Naval Base, in their first trip, for transporting the Mountaineers who are located there, in addition to those available in other coastal centers, beginning from the Sochi until Tuapse. And they must transport in their second trip, the deportees from Konstantinovski to Constanta, and then become free of performing other trips, it is assumed that the third ship (Odessa) leased from the Russian Ships Company will arrive to the Eastern coast after the 20th of May, because there is no need for it before this date, and is a must to send a telegram to the administration of the company, for the necessity to delay sending the ship to the Caucasus.

All your ships of the group that you command, that are allocated for transporting Mountaineers, in addition to the sailing boat (Bombora) in the base of Konstantinovski, to be in the port of Adler on May, 17 for transporting the Gighit and members, and members of other small tribes, who had gathered in this center. I suggest that Your Excellency, to order the ship with the capacity of 1500 passengers, to tend to Sochi to be supplied with the greatest possible amount of coal, and to sail to the north in parallel with the coast until Konstantinovski, and to implement the orders of Lieutenant Krinitsky, and to gather the remaining Mountaineers in various centers, who were not transported by the Turkish or our commercial ships. And all ships without exception, to be directed to Constanta. The estimated number of Mountaineers that supposed to gather in Adler, about 15 thousand people, may require the return of the ships again from Constanta to Adler, to acquire new instructions. I have informed Your Excellency the above mentioned, as per the instructions of His Imperial Highness, the Supreme Commander, in order to take the necessary actions, add to that, the Land Command has designated the representative of special tasks to His highness, Lieutenant Colonel Batiyanov, to monitor the conduct of the deportation of Mountaineers from the coast, and of his duties, to inform Your Excellency information on the numbers of Mountaineers, and the order in which the next groups will be transported. CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, d 149, n. 5-6.

Document 276

16, May, 1864 - Guidelines of the Chief of Staff of the Caucasus Army, Kartsov to the officer in charge of the special tasks Lieutenant Colonel Batyanov regarding the transfer arrangements of the Ubykh:

His Imperial Highness has directed you to control the deportation of Ubykh people from the mouth of River Khosta, as well as to oversee the deportation of the Gighit people from Adler and the mouth of River Psaw. He also appointed for you, Lieutenant General Prince Mirsky, Executive for Special Assignments, with Captain Kicheleski and Staff Captain Dobrjanski as assistants.

When performing tasks delegated to you, you must take the following into account:

1) War-ships specified to transport the Mountaineers to Adler in 17, may, and when they arrive, you must hand over information about the numbers of Mountaineers, who are going to be taken away from Adler and the mouth of the River Psaw, to Senior Navy Admiral Diogamil, or any other officer in charge of loading Mountaineers on the vessels. 2) Mountaineers infected with smallpox and other infectious diseases, should not be transported onboard our war-ships, and your mission will be collecting information about families, or even to prevent those to board our war steam-ships , and to be transported onboard the civilian ships or to allow them to wait if they chose so, until their patients cure. 3) After the first trip of transporting the Mountaineers to Constanta, they must return to Adler, to transport other deportees. 4) Since the smallpox disease is most prevalent among the Ubykh present at the mouth of River Khosta, compared with the two other centers, all deportees must be transferred from there, exclusively onboard privately owned commercial ships, which allows you to pay one Silver Ruble for each deportee, if this amount is not enough, it will be obligatory for deportees to pay the rest. 5) you will get the funds necessary to finance the relocation of Mountaineers by commercial vessels, from the mouth of River Khosta and the two others, when needed from the Commissioner of the Ships Group in Akhchepskhu, and the 6000 Rubles limit should not be exceeded, including three thousand already won my approval for, in reference to the Order No. 21, dated 13 May, and had already ordered Major Kolosovsky, to pay you these amounts. 6) Citizen Nikiladze has pledged under the contract signed between him and Major Kolosovsky, the Representative of the General-command in Akhchepskhu, to buy all the livestock of the Gighit, at an agreed price, and be sure that contractors vigilantly implement their commitments, and not confuse and confine the deportees, and to buy all the cattle that the Gighit have brought to Adler and Psaw, and not only to select the best of it only, but if part of the cattle are sick, or not suitable for work or slaughter, it should be up to your approval to be sold at a discounted process, or to exempt the traders to buy. 7) Inform me and Lieutenant General Mirsky, on the progress of the repatriation of the deportees, and the purchase of their livestock, whenever you had the opportunity. 8) The amount of money that may remain, of what you have received from the Commissioner, pay it back to him, and submit me and His Imperial Highness a report of your expenses. 9) You are allowed to seek assistance from an employed interpreter or more, expenses to be added to the General Budget of the deportation of Mountaineers. CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, d 145, n. 3-4.

Document 277

17, May, 1864 – A list of the number of departing Abzakh to Turkey via the Port of Taman, from 14 April until 17 (Out of 27337 people - 10766 of the poor) ***

Item 1 The No. of the ship depending on the sequence of departure.

Item 2 Date of the departure of the ship.

Item 3 Name of ship

Item 4 Number of crew

Item 5 The number of people departing.

1 2 3 4 5

April

1 14 The Russian ship (Arghiro), Captain 75 850 Persons

Bardarygo.

2 14 The Russian ship (Saint Gheorghe), 72 850 Persons

Captain Antonio Georgnto.

3 17 The Greek ship (Christodoulov), 176.25 1250 Persons

Captain Khristodoulou Dhakharania.

4 19 The Ionian ship (Aghia Jelina), Captain 138.25 1121 Persons

Elia Mosori.

5 19 The Greek ship (Panagia & Banadi), 160.5 1173 Persons

Captain Antonio Barbarigo.

6 21 The Russian ship (St. Gheorghe), 56.25 887 Persons

Captain Ofanassi Ovonassov.

7 22 The Moldavian ship (Andromikha), 74.75 1113 Persons

Captain Yohan Kelise

8 23 The Russian ship (Alexander), 100.25 1371 Persons

Captain Obustoli Marante.

9 25 The Russian ship (Samson, Captain 70 1280 Persons

Lionidyo Monoliso.

10 25 The Russian ship (Sts. John & Nikolai), 80 1195 Persons

Captain Nikolai Godulyanov.

11 26 The Russian ship (Sts. John & Mitrovan), 45 1121 Persons

Captain Ivan Byreverzev.

12 25 The Russian ship (St. John Zlatoust), 50.4 1340 Persons

Captain Stefan Bigarev.

13 26 The Greek ship (Takslarks), Captain 66.5 1060 Persons

Christofolo Mauras.

14 27 The Russian ship (Yekatrina), Captain 56 1270 Persons

VasilyBigtsalia.

15 29 The Russian ship (Kalliopis), Captain 267 1446 Persons

Dmitry Stambola.

16 29 The Turkish ship (Chingerme), 83.23 923 persons

Captain Hassan Hajji ahmad.

17 30 The Ionian ship (Anna), Captain 123 870 Persons

Elia Kalega.

May

18 5 The ship from Mecklenburg, Captain 108 1206 Persons

Otto Klevskov.

19 5 The Russian ship (Tsar Lazar), Captain 44.75 640 Persons

Luka Nikulic.

20 6 The Russian ship (Kalliopis), Captain 76 902 Persons

Yakov Misreli.

21 8 The Russian ship (St. Gheorghe), 40 498 Persons

Captain Gregory Zakharov.

22 8 The Russian ship (St. Yekatrina), Captain 43.75 640 Persons

Gregory Traviza.

23 9 The Greek ship (Demetrius), Captain 161 1140 Persons

Mavrodi Chingramadi.

24 11 The Greek ship (Agios Nikolay), Captain 141 874 Persons

Marco Gafrelli

25 11 The Russian ship (Angel Gabriel), ___ 1271 Persons

Captain Ignat Nimirovski.

26 14 The Greek ship (Apollon), captain 178.5 825 Persons

Georgy Anargero.

27 16 The English ship (Hamilton), Captain 137.5 1028 Persons

Peter Osett.

_________________________________________________

Total from both sexes and all ages: 27337 Persons

Note: 1) Out of the 27337 people, there are 3803 below the age of four, had been transported to Turkey for free.

2) The Head of the Bjadogh Departement and the Committee of Deporting Mountaineers, formed in Taman, 9191 persons are poor, out of 27337 persons, add to them 1575 persons, the Commander of the Kuban issued them documents to prove their poverty status, and they were deported at the expense of the State, at a cost of three Rubles for each person and luggage, which was paid in Romli Coast ports (the coasts of presently Bulgaria and Romania), and we spent on the deportation of the 10766 poor (needy) people, the amount of 32298 Rubles. 14, June, 1864. CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc., 146 n. 1 and 2.

Document 278

20 May 1864 – An order directed by Major-General Babich to his senior Escorts, to pay 1684 Rubles, to the merchant Makridi for transporting 275 families, onboard 3 chartered ships: Pay in accordance with this letter, the benefits of the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, for transporting 275 families of the Mountaineers belonging to the Shabsough tribe, to Turkey for permanent residence, onboard three chartered ships for this purpose, numbering 1658 persons of both sexes, and will be paid for 1170 persons, at a rate of one Ruble per person = 1170 Rubles. For 294 of the poor, at a rate of 1 Ruble and 75 Koubek/each = 514 Ruble and 50 Koubek, and the total 1464 ruble and 50 Koubek.

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, on. A, d 301, n. 291.

Document 279

20, May, 1864 - For transporting 266 families from the Shabsough.

Pay in accordance with this letter, the benefits of the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, for transporting 266 families of the Mountaineers belonging to the Shapsough tribe, to Turkey for permanent residency, onboard three ships chartered for this purpose, numbering 1624 persons from both sexes, 974 of them pay one Ruble per each person = 974 Rubles, for 424 of the poor at a rate of one Ruble and 75 Koubek per person = 724 Ruble and 75 Koubek, and the total for 1398 persons paid = 1716 Rubles.

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, on. A, d 301, n. 297.

Document 280

20 May 1864 - Also in return for transporting 140 families from the Shapsough and Abzakh. Pay in accordance with this letter, the benefits of the fellow of second degree of the Chamber of Commerce of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, the transportation charges for transporting 14 families of the Mountaineers that belong to the Shabsough and Abzakh troibes, to Turkey for permanent residence, onboard two ships chartered for this purpose, numbering 864 persons of both sexes, at a rate of one Ruble/each for 621 persons = 621 Rubles, 1 Ruble and 75 Koubek /each for 107 of the poor = 184 Ruble and 25 Koubek, and the total for 728 = 808 Rubles, paid.

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, on. A, d 325, L 303.

Document 281

23 May 1864 - Instructions from the Commander of the Natokhaway, Babich to his senior escort, to pay 437 Rubles, to the merchant Yefim Popovka in return for the transportation of 80 Shabsough families:

Pay in reference to this letter to the second degree merchant from Rostov, Yefim Popovka, in return for transporting 80 families of the Mountaineers belonging to the Shabsough tribe, on board his ship (St. Nikolai) to Turkey for permanent residency, numbering 452 persons of both sexes, of whom 317 persons at a rate of one Rubles/each = 317 Rubles, and 69 people from the poor at a rate of one Ruble and 75 Koubek = 120 Rubles and 75 Koubek, and the total of 386 persons, paid = 437 Rubles. State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, on. A, d 301, n. 343.

Document 282

The instructions of Major-General Babich, the Commander of the Natokhaway region to his senior escort, for paying the benefits of merchant Markidi in exchange for transporting 255 families of the Shabsough. Pay in accordance with this letter, the benefits of the second degree merchant of Temryuk Chamber of Commerce Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, for transporting 266 families of Mountaineers belonging to the Shabsough tribe, to Turkey for permanent residency, on board three ships that he chartered for this purpose, numbering 1728 persons of both sexes, to be paid for 1335 persons the rate of one Ruble/for each person = 1335 Rubles, for 91 of the poor at a rate of one Ruble and 75 Koubek, and the total of 1426 persons paying 1494 Rubles and 25 Koubek. State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 317.

Document 283

2 May 1864 - Also in return for transporting 401 families from the Shabsough.

Pay in accordance with this letter the benefits of the second degree merchant of Temryuk Chamber of Commerce Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, for transporting 401 families of the Mountaineers belonging to the Shabsough tribe, to Turkey for permanent residency, onboard five ships chartered for this purpose, numbering 2469 persons of both sexes, and will be paid for 1931 people at a rate of one Ruble per person = 1931 Rubles, for 188 of the poor at a rate of one Ruble and 75 Koubek per person = 329 Rubles, and the total for 2190 persons = 2260 rubles.

Signature: General Babich State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 309.

Document 284

20 May 1864 - A detailed schedule of the Natokhaway Deportees to Turkey via the port of Anapa, numbering 7666 persons.

Number Amount

Rubles Koubek

Rate of one ruble per Person 5633 5633

Rate of one Ruble & 75 Koubek 571 999 25

Per person

Children under 6 Free 1161

24 Families paid by their Owners 62 239

Total 7666 6632 25

Lieutenant Colonel Zakrzevski State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 390

Document 285

20 May 1864 – A copy of the letter of the Russian Consul in Trabzon, to the Chief of Staff of the Caucasus Army, Kartsov about the final phase of the deportation of Circassians:

I had the honor to receive your letter that is praising us on date 11 May, I hasten to thank you for your compassion towards me. It gives me great pleasure that the deportation process is almost approaching its end, and there is no such need for me to travel to Istanbul, I must say that the agents that I sent to Istanbul had directed more than 50 sailing-ships to bring the deportees.

Several thousands of Circassians had arrived to Trabzon, within the past few days, and approximately forty (40) thousand deportees had gathered in Sarederi, the deportees to Turkey had exceeded 200, 000, and doctors now fear the spread of dysentery, especially that the fruits season had come, I pray to God to avoid us the disease, because it might infect us and the Mountaineers, because the vast numbers of deportees will make the spread of infectious type. CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1114, p. 20.

Document 286

A General Decree of the Caucasus Army, and the declaration of completion of subjugating the Western Caucasus It gives me happiness and appreciation for your bravery, I congratulate the Caucasus Army Forces, for subjugating the Western Caucasus, and for the end of the Caucasian War.

Your courage in combat, and your unprecedented toughness in endurance of deprivation and hard work, had devoted to the Tsar and the nation a great service: Nothing had stopped you, not the horrors of the grim fortified mountain strongholds, not the desperate resistance of its population, and not the bitter cold and extreme heat, you have for many years crossed everything, without weakening your mind and you continued forward towards the goal, stamping each step with sweat and blood. Glory to the Lord, who crowned your efforts with success, the glorification and gratitude of the homeland to you, the conquerors of the Caucasus! Eternity will be for your colleagues, who were killed, and did not see this happy moment.

The signature of the General Commander of the Army, Field General - Mikhail Nikolayevich

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 347, 52, p. Two.

Document 287

21 May 1864 - A detailed schedule for 2475 of the Natokhaway deportee families to Turkey through the port of Anapa

Number of Persons Amount Rubles Koubek

At a Rate of one Ruble per person 11474 11474

At a Rate of 1.75 rubles/person 1205 2108 75

Children below 6 years old 3151

39 families were transported free of charge 119

Peasants paid by their owners 503

Total 16452 13582 75

Lieutenant Colonel Zakrzewski

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 391.

Document 288

23 May 1864 - Report of Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasus Army to the Minister of War Milutin, about events for the army concerning the final deportation of the Circassians (reported figures) I have asked Your Excellency in my report sent last March, after my visit to the Dakhu Detachment, to convey to our the Tsar, I can not regard the war as postponed, in spite of the declaration of the representatives of the rebel Caucasian tribes of their subjugation, until our forces are deployed in all the valleys, that are inhibited by the Mountaineers, to force them to carry out their promises to me, I sent four independent columns for this purpose, just as suggested in my report, to the region in which our troops had not entered before, that is located on the Southern slope between the Rivers of Sochi and Bzyb :

First Column - consists of 27 companies of the formal Caucasus battalions that belong to the Directorate of Kutaisi, four trailer artillery guns of Sukhumi Fortress Artillery, and (one hundred) of the militia Tsebelda* Militia to come from Gagra to the valley of River Pswo, marching up along-side the river course.

The Second Column - (seaborne) consisting of eight battalions of the Grenadier Caucasian Task Force, and four mountainous guns, (four hundred) of the foot militia, and (one hundred) of the non-formal Cavalry Brigade from Kutaisi under the command of Lieutenant General (Prince Sviatopolk-Mirskii), sailing from Sukhumi, dock at Adler, and advances up with the River Mzymta course. The Third Column – Under the command of Major General Gyeman, consisting of four battalions, and the two mountainous artillery guns, (one hundred) Cossacks, and (one hundred) of the militia, move from the Kuban Base up with course of the Sochi River until its upper reaches, then in parallel with the main Caucasus chain through the territory of the Ubykh Mountaineers and the gathered Tesfeekh in the Upper River Mzymta.

The Fourth Column - composed of six battalions, (four hundred) of the Cossacks, and one (hundred) militias, starting from the upper reaches of the Small Laba River across the corridor in the main Caucasus Mountains range, towards Upper River Mzymta.

The four columns during their precedence on the mentioned courses, should evacuate the region of the local inhabitants, and to meet on the territories of Okhchibskhu, that is forming the broad upper valley of River Mzymta, which bounded out of mountains topped with snow from two sides, and ends from the two other sides, series covered by forests which are more rugged, that River Mzymta is initiated, so the valley becomes sturdy barrier.

Only the First Column has encountered a resistance, the movement began in early April, and worked on constructing the road from Gagra to Pswo River Valley, and rose in early May to the upper reaches of the river, flowing from a closed valley, occupied by Oiyo gathering of looters belonging to different tribes, making their living of the robbery only, those Mountaineers, by blocking the narrow where River Pswo passes, and by throwing the forces with the rocks from the overlooking cliffs have made it impossible for the Column’s advancement, without causing serious losses

Stopping or even slowing down the advancement, will have had a negative consequences upon us, under the eyes of the neighboring tribes, which did not yet leave their habitat, therefore, I ordered to send twelve companies of the (Grenadier) from Lieutenant- General Prince Sviatopolk-Mirskii and (two hundred) of the Militia. Commanded by the Back-Major Bataizatula, advanced through the mountainous chain, from Mzymta Valley, to the straits occupied by the Mountaineers, in which the emergence of the column all at a sudden has stopped any resistance behind them, and the Oiyu Settlement had been evacuated to sea coast line. This success that has been achieved, in addition to the emergence of the forces of Major General Grabbi, which landed in the twelfth of the month from the main series, had forced the remaining Ahchipskhu residents in their villages to go to the sea coast line. A pedestrian path has been constructed on the eighteenth of the month, and the four columns have met, on the twentieth of the month, within Ahchipskhu Valley, coming from the four directions. With this no rebel groups have remained in all the Western Caucasus, and I can declare an end to the Caucasian War.

If few dozens of the families, some wandering homeless, to avoid our forces by escaping in the vast forests and mountainous narrow valleys, they will be easy to eliminate, through the usual police or by our citizens, and it does not require military operations.

30 thousand Mountaineers of both sexes have remained in the various centers, they showed interest to move to Turkey, the number of already gone to Turkey between 200 to 250 thousand people, 160 thousand of them were disembarked on the coast of Anatolia, and the number of the remaining with us, and settled on the Kuban Forty thousand of both sexes.

The successful termination of the Caucasian War by subjugating the Western Caucasus, would make me obliged to ask you to grant me the commissioner approval, to award decorations to the major key figures, and all those who were distinguished of the troops that had participated in the subordination of the Western Caucasus, to allow me to nominate for the honor, all of those who deserve that, and to the extent allowed by in the year 1859, on the occasion of subjecting the Eastern Caucasus.

· *Tsebelda town in Georgia

TSGIL Grusin, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1184, p. 13-14.

Document 289

23 May 1864 - The letter of Russia's Charge daffier in Constantinople to the Chief-of-Staff of the Caucasus Army about the difficulties encountered landing of 1200 persons in Varna and his talks with Ali Pasha: The Vice-Consul in Varna, has sent me a telegram, on the arrival of 1200 deportees to this port, and the obstacles caused by the local authorities, when deportees were disembarked to the mainland, I was not unhurried after the receipt of the report, to communicate with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. And I had the honor to inform Your Excellency in my report dated 9 May, No.

292, that the Ottoman Government section had recently directed our ships loaded with Circassians from now on, to Constanta only, but Ali Pasha, had allowed them for this time, because of my strong insistance, to disembark the deportees from the ship, and I was not slow to telegram the Vice-Consul in Varna on this matter. CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1097, p. 12.

Document 290

25 May 1864 – The camp is near Adler former Fort

The letter of the Forces Chief of Staff of the Kuban Forces, Major-General Zablodski to the Commander of the Natokhaway Region, General Babich, thanking him for informing of the determination of the Shabsough and Natokhaway, to move all to Turkey, and regarding the payment of two thousand Rubles for Kushtanoku , as a reward for his effective efforts in this topic: Count Nikolai Ivanovich extremely pleased Evdokimov of what you have informed him, and all the Natokhaway and the Shabsough will move to Turkey, and he thanks you for all arrangements that you have carried out in this matter, especially in the absence of allowing the harvest of grain waiting, because it will give them an excuse to stay until winter. And the Commander of the Forces has allowed you to grant Kushtanoku two thousand Rubles, with the departure of all Natokhaway to Turkey, in order to avoid any hesitance in this important issue.

His Imperial Highness the Count in exception to that, not to form a militia of the Natokhaway in Pshada , because this may suggest that they’re employees of Your Excellency, thus they will depart to Turkey, and this is very embarrassing, and no need for gathering them to present praise to us, because, truth be told, there is nothing that we are to be thanked for.

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory. f. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 424

Document 291

27 May 1864 – A Payment Order by General Babich to his Senior Escort in the Natokhaway Territory Administration to pay merchant Makridi 5220 Rubles for transporting 5848 people.

Fort Konstantinovskoya I suggest that you to pay under this title, to the account of the merchant of second degree of Temryuk, Stavrou Christoforov Makridi, the expenses of transporting 908 families of Mountaineers belonging to the Shabsough tribe, to Turkey for permanent residency, on-board six chartered ships and they are numbering of 5848 persons of both sexes, 4513 persons at a rate of one Ruble per person = 5413 Rubles, 404 persons at a rate of one Ruble and 75 Koubek per person = 707 Rubles, and the total deportees 4917, the total amount paid 5220 Rubles.

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 351

Document 292

1864 - A list of names of Shabsough transported by second degree merchant Popovkin:

Passport Names & family Number of Deportees People Paid Amount

Numbers names of heads Over 6 Below 6 Total Ruble Koubek

Dokokh Area

1 2153 Bshobkhos 3 3 3 3

Kodjiko

Ghawaza 3 3 3 3

Yaragoz

Zimid 6 6 6 6

Khunto

Khamkhis 18 1 1 19 18

Khunto Hussein 11 11 11 11

Khunto

Tnibghvach 9 9 9 9

Soyak

Khabouk 7 7 7 7

Tchimso

Tiktopam 3 3 3 3 25

Elyaso Poor

10 Hajisaf 2 2 2 2

Soskhto

Alkhas 1 1 1 1 75

Tlokhorziq Poor

Tlipsokh 8 3 11 8 8

Hapto

Mustafa 2 2 4 2 3 50

Haj-Tkho Poor

Yerabs Du 1 2 3 1 1 75

Poor

-________________________________________________________________________

Ishaq 4 1 5 4 4

Deday

Skhabey 5 1 6 5 5

Alyaso

Natshokawkh 3 1 4 3 3

Tokhoz 5 2 7 5 5

Khoroj

Total 97 13 110 96 Kochkovski

State Archives of the Krasnodar Territory, p. 325, op. A, d 301, n. 344.

Document 293

1st of June, 1864 - An article in the English, the Times Newspaper, on the large number of deaths among the deported Mountaineers in Turkey, and (the means that the Russian Government followed to subjugate the Caucasus): The Times Newspaper reported:

Documents submitted to the British House of Commons, concerning the deportation of Circassians, the tragic circulated rumors among the public, on this issue, but the matter that lacks precision is the numbers of migrants; and estimates of the Foreign Ministry’s Correspondents, between 300 thousand and 800 thousand, and the Russian government announced in mid-May about 100 thousand, and Lord Napier stressed, after meeting Prince *(Gorchakov), that the number of deported Caucasians in Turkey reaches to 150 thousand people.

The formal details of this case, are more of sorrow of those that come to us through the rumors, the mortality numbers have worsened terribly in Trabzon, and our Consul writes that serious panic has effected the city, and everyone is rushing to leave the city, one of three doctors in the city, became victim of typhus, the other doctor, most of his time is dedicated to work in the quarantine, and does not have the capacity to assist the population. As a result of these circumstances, from first of December to mid of February 3500 people, had perished, including 3000 of the immigrants and 471 of Turks.

At the time, Circassians arriving to Trabzon were no more than 25 thousand, and the consul in his report dated May, 19, that immigrants are still arriving, and the mortality rate in the city between 120 to 150 people a day. The case in Samson is similar to the case of Trabzon, there were 40 thousand people who came to the city, the disease claimed five hundred of them in two days, then scared bakers closed down, the city has suffered for several days of scarcity of bread, which almost lead to the rebellion, all of this happened before the onset of heat; what can be expected to happen later on! We can not hold the Ottoman Government alone, responsible for this tragic situation, which has not carry out the necessary arrangements to receive the deportees, but also the behavior of those, makes it easy to spread the infection. And their political map doesn’t not convey optimism of their relationships, when they were in the Caucasus, which there was no political relations between the tribes of the north and the other tribes, and they are unable to forget the tribal disputes, not to mention the solidarity of the public for their common interest, and those who remained on the rebellion, they hope that an imminent war between the Europeans and Russia would erupt.

Sir Henry Belfor had presented to Her Majesty the **(Queen) Empress of Britain, a letter that was sent to her, this poor people that begins counting the cruel methods (?), that the Russian government had followed over the last eight years, for the intention to subdue the Caucasus (their homeland since the beginning of time). And how consistently, they fought for their independence, sacrificing their lives and whatever they own.

Since the beginning of deportation, the Russians tried to mitigate its horrors, the Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich had secured Immigrants, with government and commercial ships in the Black Sea, and opened the Caucasus coast for ships of all nationalities, but when examining the reasons for migration, the available documents should compel us to a true blame (?), due to the excessive cruelty. Here is what Lord Napier writes, from Saint Petersburg on date 23, May: "It seems evident to observers, that the Russian government decided long ago, to expel some of the tribes from the Caucasus, at any price, therefore, it has over the two years conducting the following manner: It will push the line of Cossacks’ forts and settlements towards the mountains, then will expel the free Caucasian population towards the coast, and the expulsion of the rebel tribes is a usual policy of Russia. "

Persians and Babylonians as well, had done that in the past. However, and in fact, Russia had given the Circassians the Choice between being deported to Turkey, or the resettlement on the Kuban.

Also, the Emperor personally presented the offer to them last year. Some have preferred the second option, and they are now living quietly on the Kuban.

It is not surprising that most of them choose to live under the rule of the Mohammedan state, which has always supported the people of her faith in their struggle against Russia. Deportation to the Kuban will bring in fact, submission to the laws of Russia, not to mention the military service.

The British Consul in Sokhumi*** (Kala), G. Dixon, wrote that the physical suffering of the deportees, will be tougher with their homesickness. And provides a reality of the harshness of the Russians, and he doesn’t think that it is exceptional, (?) they did not see the special (?), a village had surrendered to the Russians, and those (the Russians) killed one hundred of the population, including children and women.

** Queen Victoria of Great Britain 1819-1901. *** Sokhum (Kala), Modern Sokhumi. St. Petersburg Gazette, 1864. June 1. Number 124.

Document 294

June 6, 1864 - A detailed schedule of deportees to Turkey through the ports of Novorossiysk (Konstantinovski) and Anapa for the spring of the year1864:

From: Anapa From: Novorossiysk

Silver No. of Silver No. of

Money Persons Money Persons

Rubles Koubek Rubles Koubek

On Sailing Ships

At a Rate of One 11474 11474 28212 28212

Ruble/Person

At a Rate of 1.75 2108 75 1205 * 5556 75 3181

Rubles/Person

At a Rate of 75 2222 25 2963

Kubik/Person

Children Under

6

116 Families W/O 448

www.justicefornorthcaucasus.info

www.radioadiga.com

Counting Children

36 Families W/O 119

Counting children

Peasants Paid for by 503 1162

Their Owners

13101 35990 35596

On Ships

Military (Foyn) 1501

Commercial 2099

(Vebesta)

Commercial 1969

(Gonep)

Total 5569

Total All 13101 35990 41535

Ships

Total deported from both ports 49291 54836 Note: 1) The amount allotted for for deporting Mountaineers Rubles Koubek 51775 2 The amount spent from the balance 49583 75 the amount remaining until June 6 2191 15 2) The deportees of Shabsough and Natokhaway

From Novorossiysk 30076 Persons 33179 From Anapa 16452 Persons 16727 3) Deportation began from Novorossiysk in 16 March 1864 from Anapa and ended in 20 May.

4) 63 ships had sailed from Novorossiysk loaded with Mountaineers, three steam-ships, and 27 from Anapa.

5) There are now 1900 people of the Shabsough tribe on the coast, of and lists are put in order in accordance with the families, and ten thousand others are expected to arrive.

6) There are now 17 ships in the Gulf of Novorossiysk came to transport Mountaineers.

*There is a mistake of calculations in the original Russian script, and the right number is 5566 The Georgian Central State Historical Archives, f. 416, op. 3, d 147, n. 5 and 10

Document 295

June 10, 1864 – The letter of the Russian Vice-Consul in Trabzon, Moshnin to the Chief of Staff of the Caucasian Army, Kartsov about the progress of the deportation of the Mountaineers, and resettlement places in Turkey, and increased mortality amongst them (number of migrated 350 thousand) Mountaineers deportation continues, and all Anatolian coast had flooded of them, starting from Batumi, to Penderaklii.I will try to put the following in an orderly fashion:

1) Deportation out of Batumi has begun only recently, and six thousand Mountaineers arrived there, four thousand Mountaineers went to Churoxo on the borders, where we will also send to others, the Mountaineers came with their livestock, the rate of mortality is seven people per day, their herds are exhausted, and they often expire.

2) Since the start of deportation, 247 thousand people have arrived in Trabzon; 19 thousand of them have passed away, with the presence of 63 thousand in Trabzon at the present time, the daily mortality averaged 180-250 persons per day.

Deportation has started to pashalik, but the majority sail to Samson onboard the steam-ships and sailing-ships. 7500 people had left last week, and four thousand are intending to leave tomorrow, to go to Kumdusugach.

3) There are about 1500 people in Karasunde .

4) There are in Samsun and its environs over 110 thousand people. Mortality rate, two hundred daily, there are many moved daily to pashalik , if Trabzon had suffered in winter, it is now Samson’s turn, which typhus has toughened, but some reliable sources indicate that the city is still far from danger, and that talk of typhus have been exaggerated.

5) There are at Sinop, Inebolu and Arakli about 10 thousand.

6) More than three thousand people were recruited from the deportees, and volunteering is still continuing; and recruitment in Trabzon is more successful than Samsun.

If we bring all the available figures, the proceeds would be approximately 350 thousand, on the coast of Anatolia. Rumors circulated recently, that the Abkhazians are migrating too, and the reality that the dzhigety who are migrating, and Mountaineers call them (Abaza), and Rasheed Baik has come with them, and he visited me by the way, the moral decay of Mountaineers has exacerbated, and do not rule out the possibility of anything, if money with Turks is not enough to feed them, they might start robbing and looting.

The potential of Trabzon and Samson’s pashalik had drained, and diminishing every day, and *Barutsi had left Samson, because Rida Pasha, the Sultan’s representative, listens to the advice of our Deputy Consul more than he listens to him. Here and the Governor refused to grant him the funds (and funds do not exist here already), and the Pasha was forced to borrow 200 thousand Piasters for local home trade for the rental of ships. The local Governor had refused to provide money (money is not available here in the first place), and Ameen Pasha was obliged to get a loan of 200 thousand **(Piasters) from local commerce firms, to be able to charter ships. Many local Christians ask me, about the intention of the Government of Russia, on land acquired, and whether they will be allowed to settle, and how resettling Circassians inside the pashalik would oblige them to abandon their land and move away from this dangerous neighborhood. *Barutsi, is the General Health Commissioner in Samson. **Piaster, is an Ottoman (Turkish) currency until the year 1844, them became decimal of the Ottoman Lira, (1/100 of a Lira). CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1114, p. 21-22

Document 296

June 10, 1864 – The letter of the Russian Vice-Consul in Trabzon, Moshnin to the Chief of Staff of the Caucasian Army, Kartsov about the progress of the deportation of the Mountaineers, and resettlement places in Turkey, and increased mortality amongst them (number of migrated 350 thousand) Mountaineers deportation continues, and all Anatolian coast had flooded of them, starting from Batumi, to Penderakii . I will try to put the following in an orderly fashion:

1) Deportation out of Batumi has begun only recently, and six thousand Mountaineers arrived there, four thousand Mountaineers went to Churuksu on the borders, where we will also send to others, the Mountaineers came with their livestock, the rate of mortality is seven people per day, their herds are exhausted, and they often expire.

2) Since the start of deportation, 247 thousand people have arrived in Trabzon; 19 thousand of them have passed away, with the presence of 63 thousand in Trabzon at the present time, the daily mortality averaged 180-250 persons per day.

Deportation has started to pashalik, but the majority sail to Samson onboard the steam-ships and sailing-ships. 7500 people had left last week, and four thousand are intending to leave tomorrow, to go to Kerederugas

3) There are about 1500 people in Keresunde .

4) There are in Samsun and its environs over 110 thousand people. Mortality rate, two hundred daily, there are many moved daily to pashalik, if Trabzon had suffered in winter, it is now Samson’s turn, which typhus has toughened, but some reliable sources indicate that the city is still far from danger, and that talk of typhus have been exaggerated.

5) There are at Sinop, Inebolu and Arakli about 10 thousand.

6) Recruiters from the deportees are more than three thousand people, and volunteering is still continuing; and recruitment in Trabzon is more successful than Samsun.

If we bring all the available figures, the proceeds would be approximately 350 thousand, on the coast of Anatolia. Rumors circulated recently, that the Abkhazians are migrating too, and the reality that the dzhigety who are migrating, and Mountaineers call them (Abaza), and Rasheed Baik has come with them, and he visited me by the way, the moral decay of Mountaineers has exacerbated, and do not rule out the possibility of anything, if money with Turks is not enough to feed them, they might start robbing and looting.

The potential of Trabzon and Samson’s pashalik had drained, and diminishing every day, and *Barutsi had left Samson, because Rida Pasha, the Sultan’s representative, listens to the advice of our Deputy Consul more than he listens to him. Here and the Governor refused to grant him the funds (and funds do not exist here already), and the Pasha was forced to borrow 200 thousand Piasters for local homes trade, so that the rental of ships. The local Governor had refused to provide money (money is not available here in the first place), and Ameen Pasha was obliged to get a loan of 200 thousand **(Piasters) from local commerce firms, to be able to charter ships. Many local Christians ask me, about the intention of the Government of Russia, on land acquired, and whether they will be allowed to settle, and how resettling Circassians inside the pashalik would oblige them to abandon their land and move away from this dangerous neighborhood. *Barutsi, is the General Health Commissioner in Samson. **Piaster, is an Ottoman (Turkish) currency until the year 1844, them became decimal of the Ottoman Lira, (1/100 of a Lira).

AVPR, St. Petersburg., Principal Archives, 1-9, 1863, on. 8, 19, p. 127-128 .

Document 297

June 11, 1864 - News mentioned in the English Newspaper “Morning Star” about a report of the Health Doctor in Samson, to the Health Committee of the Ottoman Empire, about the catastrophic situation of the Caucasus Mountaineers in Turkey: The “Morning Post” published on the 13 th ,a report of the Health Commissioner of Samson, Mr. Barutsi, submitted to the Committee of Public Health in the Ottoman Empire, which explains the inability of the Turkish authorities and their inability to help the Circassian immigrants, in spite of assurances of some London newspapers, which attempted to whitewash the reality of what is being done by the Ottoman authorities to assist immigrants, we believe when we publish this report, the necessity to remind that the hastening of the Mountaineers to migrate, was generated the tempting promises of a happy future in Turkey.

"Samson, 20 May – I arrived to Samson six days ago, I have no words to describe the situation, which found the city and the unfortunate immigrants, in which 8-10 thousand of the Circassians in the barns, dilapidated buildings and stables, add to them, thirty thousand, came from Yermanai - Dervinda, spread throughout the squares and streets, storming the fenced lands, walking around everywhere, they don’t not leave except after sun-set, at every step, you are crippled with the patients, with dying people, and corpses, at the gate of the city, in front of the shops, in the middle of the streets, in the squares, in gardens under the trees, where every house and each corner are occupied by immigrants, a source of infection, until the seventh of the month, 207 people were packed in a warehouse on the beach, and in the quarantine Center’s small buildings, which hardly could accommodate thirty people, all of them are sick or dying. I have ordered to clean up the affected areas, but porters refused entering to this horrible place, and I entered with my colleague, Ali Affendi, and withdrew several bodies that were completely decomposed, this incident gives an idea of the terrible situation of migrants, who were happened to have a presence in this city, but what I saw in Trabzon, it can not be compared in any way with the terrible scene which reflects the situation in Samson, but its camp in a more catastrophic condition, which 40 to 50 thousand immigrants are massed, in a state of extreme poverty, hunger jaded, ravaged by death, staying there with no bread, no roof, and not even buried. .." Received on 16 June in the Austrian general correspondence from Constantinople: "The Turkish government intends to recruit young Circassians, who arrived with the deportees, with a view to forming a division of infantry numbering 25 thousand, and this Circassian immigration is causing the “glimmer” Turkish Ottoman Government numerous difficulties in Bulgaria, where 14 thousand have been arrived there, and waiting for the arrival of 20 thousand others, and migrate with them, intolerance, diseases and the slave trading, and measles got spread among them, causing great havoc.

In 1864. June 11. № 129

Document 298

June 14, 1864 - Report of Lieutenant Captain Karganov, to the Caucasus Army’s Chief of Staff, Kartsov regarding the transport of the Abzakh, starting from 14, April to 17, May 1864: I present the following table as a completion for the task entrusted to the Order No. 302, dated 28, April of this year, about the number of the local population of the Abzakh tribe, who were transported via the port of Taman to Varna and Constanta, starting from April, 14 to May, 17 this year.

I have the honor to submit it to Your Excellency, by adding the following: two merchants from Kerch, von Chtien and Vlasstari, provided the ships for the said transport operations, who committed themselves according to the contract, which was endorsed by the Commander of the Kuban Forces on April, 4, to transport the Mountaineers to the Balkan and Romanian ports at a rate of three Rubles per person, the transport of 3803 children under 4 years of age free of charge, and 900 of the poor, that were not mentioned in the tables of the Commander of the Bjadogh District. * The city of Kerch on the Crimean Peninsula.

CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, d 149, n. 7.

Document 299

 16, June, 1864 - Report of the Russian Envoy to Turkey, Y. A. Novikov, addressed to the Russian Foreign Ministry, about the successful deportation of the Mountaineers, and the successful establishment of the Turkish authorities for the Circassian villages: The process of the Caucasian of Caucasian Mountaineers Deportation operation, is Successfully continues to the Ottoman Empire, and the Turkish destroyers and sailing-ships transport the Mountaineers, to the Ottoman Empire’s various parts, founded in Paderme , on the Sea of Marmora’s shores, a large Circassian Colony. The Ottoman Government had decided to permanently withdrew the idea of establishing a colony on the Posphorus heights between Buyukdere and the Black Sea, and Constanta remains the main point of disembarkation, and they will be transferred by railway, to places on the Serbian border, no doubt, that the Turkish government when chose resettlement here, it was based on political goals, three thousand Circassians in the Turkish Army. Fuad Pasha had reported that the Ottoman Government hopes to increase this number up to 12 people, and to reduce the size of general mobilization, there is no reason for the Turkish authorities to criticize the conduct and discipline of the volunteered Mountaineers in the garrison here.

The Imperial Ministry may be able, to estimate the fiscal expenditure, associated with the settlement of Circassians in Turkey, from the fact that the Ottoman Government, is trying to get a loan for that matter, that is one million Turkish Liras (approximately six million silver Rubles).

AVPR. St. Petersburg., Main Archive, 1-9, 1863, on, 8, 19, p. 122-123

Document 300

18, June, 1864 – The letter of Vice Consul in Trabzon, Moshnin, to the Caucasus Army Chief of Staff, Kartsov, about the difficulties that may arise due to the settlement of Circassians near the Russian border, and ten thousand Circassians become volunteers, and about the arrival of a French ship under the Turkish flag: Mountaineers deportation continues, especially the Dzhigety, and news had reached me from Batumi, of the arrival of more than ten thousand people, and is expected to total up, to reach 25 thousand, and they will be sent to the Russian border, to Churuksu and Kars, also Mountaineers are migrated successfully, from Trabzon towards Kars and Irzyaghin, then I had the honor to write to Your Excellency, that if the Turkish government intends to resettle them on the extension of Erzurum road, then the road would become unsafe for convoys, which would not slow down to go through Tbilisi to us, my expectations started to come true, and started convoys looting already, and get this example: Yesterday, one of my known people of Persian merchants, Hajji Shafi’e, who had come back from Bayburt a few days ago narrowly escaped death and lost his slave -wife (Circassian Woman), a convoy (Hohetrossr & partners)was looted, which is a Swiss trading house, and Circassians will not be subjected to trial, and the local authorities fear them, and this has proven to me personally, when I went to the Pasha, asking him to help in the liberation of the Russian prisoners, he replied very simply that he fears Circassians, and he can not help me in that, but success is on our side, with all that, in the liberation of our prisoners, thanks to the continuous efforts of our Vice Consul, and we send every week, a number of freed prisoners, to Potti, Ameen Pasha, the negligent in all matters, except the Circassian ones, and only then, with a view to the development of wealth at the expense of the deportees. In Samson, an order was issued in order to prevent landing the Mountaineers, and to direct all ships coming, to proceed to Anatolia, and this has be reinforced by a message from our mission in the city of Kakatche. Volunteering is continuous, and about ten thousand had been recruited.

Actions of the Turkish Government wage dissatisfaction of the Circassians, a group of one hundred families, had sent me a spy, with a view to bribe me, hoping to allow them to return to Pshada, and I have been informed that foreign agents, inflaming the dissatisfaction, and the hope of return, and thanks to them, to distort our actions in the Caucasus on the pages of newspapers, and some say here publicly, that England would not permit the forced deportation of Mountaineers. In any event, the governor has sailed on a war-ship, in order to inspect the coast of *(Lazistan), and a French ship has docked today, flying the Turkish flag, and rumors say that the French intend to establish a transportation line between Potti, Batumi and Trabzon, butwhat is the need for the Turkish fleet here? Coastal shipping is allowed in Turkey, and foreign ships enjoy the privileges, may outweigh the value of the Turkish counterparts, and some people link the advent of the ship, with the visit of the French Consul, Mr. Scheffer, to Potti and Constantinople; he stayed in the first city three weeks to collect information. When the French had lost hope in reform of the status of Irzrom road, they are doing their best to put their hands on the Persian transit trade, and it seems that this is the goal, of Mr. Scheffer's visit to Potti, and it is also the reason why the French sent a ship flying the flag of Turkey, to our shores, others see in the journey of Mr. Scheffer, and the odd Turkish ship’s trip to the city of Potti, political dimensions, in any case, it seems to me necessary to tighten monitoring on the Turkish - French ship in Potti, especially if it was allowed to sail in the river, the ship’s name (not clear), and its Captain is Slavyanin, and he had previously worked in the Russian Ships and Trading Company.

CSHA of Georgia, p. 416, op. 3, etc. 1114, p. 23-24.